Swollen lymph nodes, commonly referred to as “kulani” in Filipino, are part of the body’s immune system. These nodes play a critical role in fighting infections and inflammation. When a lymph node becomes swollen or enlarged, it is often a response to an underlying condition, such as an infection near the affected area. For example, throat infections can cause swollen lymph nodes in the neck, while genital infections can lead to swelling in the groin area. This swelling is medically referred to as lymphadenitis.
Common Causes of Swollen Lymph Nodes
The most common reason for swollen lymph nodes in the neck is an infection in the nearby region, such as a sore throat, upper respiratory tract infection, or dental issues. These conditions activate the immune system, leading to inflammation in the lymph nodes.
In the Philippines, one of the common causes of swollen lymph nodes in the neck is tuberculosis. TB-related lymphadenitis often comes with other symptoms such as persistent cough, low-grade fever at night, fatigue, and body aches. This condition requires immediate medical attention as it can affect other parts of the body if left untreated.
Various bacterial, viral, and fungal infections can also cause swollen lymph nodes. Examples include pneumonia, colds, and skin infections near the neck area.
In rarer cases, swollen lymph nodes may be caused by tumors, cancers, or autoimmune disorders. These conditions require more extensive testing and evaluation.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The treatment for swollen lymph nodes depends on the underlying cause. If the lymph nodes remain swollen for weeks or are growing in size, it is crucial to consult a doctor. They may perform physical examinations and imaging tests, such as X-rays or CT scans, to check the throat, neck, chest, and other affected areas.
For infections like tuberculosis, a long-term treatment plan is required. Anti-TB medications must be taken continuously for a minimum of six months to eradicate the bacteria. For bacterial infections unrelated to TB, antibiotics are typically prescribed, but it’s essential to complete the full course for effectiveness.
If the cause of the swollen lymph nodes remains unclear, a biopsy may be recommended. This procedure involves extracting a small sample from the lymph node for testing to rule out more serious conditions such as cancer or certain chronic infections.
In the case of minor infections, over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications can help alleviate discomfort. Rest, proper hydration, and a nutritious diet can also boost the immune system’s recovery.
Preventive Measures
To prevent recurrent swollen lymph nodes, it’s important to address and manage the root causes. Practicing good hygiene, avoiding exposure to infectious diseases, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce the risk of infections. For those with a history of tuberculosis, regular check-ups and adherence to treatment plans are essential.
While swollen lymph nodes are often not a cause for alarm, persistent or recurring cases warrant medical attention. Conditions like tuberculosis respond well to treatment when diagnosed early, so seeking professional advice is crucial for proper management and to prevent complications.
