Hepatitis A is a viral liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Its symptoms typically appear a few weeks after exposure and can range from mild to severe. Below is a more detailed look at the signs and symptoms associated with this condition:
- Fatigue. Persistent tiredness or lack of energy is one of the early signs of hepatitis A, often making daily activities feel more exhausting than usual.
- Nausea and Vomiting. Many individuals experience digestive discomfort, including frequent nausea and episodes of vomiting, which can disrupt appetite and hydration.
- Abdominal Pain. Pain or discomfort is often felt in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, where the liver is located. This pain may be mild or severe depending on the level of liver inflammation.
- Pale or Clay-Colored Stool. The stool may take on a lighter, pale appearance due to reduced bile production caused by liver dysfunction.
- Loss of Appetite. A decreased desire to eat is common and may contribute to unintentional weight loss during the illness.
- Joint Pain. Some individuals report joint discomfort or aches, often described as a generalized, flu-like feeling.
- Dark Urine. Urine may turn darker than usual, appearing tea- or cola-colored, as a result of increased bilirubin levels in the body.
- Jaundice (Yellowing of Skin and Eyes). As the liver struggles to process bilirubin, a yellow pigment, it can build up in the body, leading to yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes—a hallmark sign of hepatitis A.
- Fever. In some cases, a low-grade fever accompanies the initial symptoms, lasting for a week or longer.
- Asymptomatic Cases. Not everyone infected with hepatitis A experiences symptoms. Children, in particular, are more likely to have asymptomatic cases, making the virus harder to detect without testing.
When Should You See a Doctor?
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of hepatitis A, especially those involving jaundice, severe abdominal pain, or dark urine. Early diagnosis and management are key to preventing complications. Below are specific instances when consulting a healthcare provider is essential:
- Immediate Evaluation for Symptoms. If you experience jaundice, severe fatigue, or any of the other listed symptoms, schedule an appointment with your doctor promptly. A blood test can confirm the presence of HAV.
- Post-Exposure Prophylaxis. If you believe you’ve been exposed to the hepatitis A virus, receiving a vaccine or immune globulin shot within two weeks can significantly reduce the risk of developing the illness.
- Severe or Prolonged Symptoms. Symptoms that worsen or persist for more than a few weeks may indicate complications and require further evaluation.
Hepatitis A is preventable through vaccination and proper hygiene practices, such as handwashing and safe food handling. If treated promptly, most people recover fully within a few weeks to months without lasting liver damage.
