Testicle Pain: What You Need to Know

Testicular pain (scrotal pain) refers to discomfort, aching, or sharp pain experienced in one or both testicles. The pain can range from mild to severe and may be localized to one side (left or right). While testicular pain can sometimes indicate a serious underlying condition that requires immediate medical attention, many cases resolve on their own without intervention.

What Causes Testicular Pain?

There are numerous potential causes of testicular pain. Some are benign, while others may require prompt medical treatment. Below are the common causes:

  1. Infections. Testicular pain can be caused by infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) like gonorrhea and chlamydia. These conditions often lead to swelling and tenderness in the affected area.
  2. Testicular Torsion or Varicocele. Testicular torsion occurs when the spermatic cord twists, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. This is a medical emergency and requires immediate surgery. Varicocele, on the other hand, refers to enlarged veins within the scrotum that may cause mild discomfort over time.
  3. Hernia. A hernia, specifically an inguinal hernia, occurs when a portion of the intestine pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles and extends into the scrotum, leading to testicular pain.
  4. Muscle Strain or Minor Injuries. Sometimes, testicular pain may result from minor injuries, physical strain, or pressure applied to the area, which typically resolves without treatment.
  5. Blue Balls. Known medically as epididymal hypertension, this condition arises from prolonged sexual arousal without ejaculation. It leads to temporary discomfort or aching in the testicles but is not harmful and resolves on its own.

Testicular pain can be alarming, but understanding its potential causes can help determine whether medical attention is needed. If the pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by symptoms like swelling, fever, or nausea, consult a healthcare professional promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and provide relief.