Diphtheria is a bacterial infection that typically manifests symptoms 2 to 5 days after exposure. It primarily affects the respiratory system but can also involve the skin. Common symptoms include:
Respiratory Diphtheria
- Thick, grayish coating in the throat or tonsils. This characteristic membrane can obstruct breathing and swallowing.
- Sore throat. Pain in the throat is often severe and persistent.
- Swollen lymph nodes in the neck. This may result in a “bull neck” appearance.
- Difficulty breathing. This occurs due to airway obstruction caused by the membrane or swelling.
- Runny nose. Often accompanied by a foul-smelling nasal discharge.
- Fever. Low to moderate fever is common.
- General weakness. A feeling of fatigue and malaise may accompany the other symptoms.
Cutaneous Diphtheria
In some cases, diphtheria can affect the skin, a condition known as cutaneous diphtheria. Symptoms include:
- Skin pain. Affected areas can be tender and sore.
- Redness and swelling. The skin around the infection site may become inflamed.
- Ulceration. Wounds or sores form, often covered with a thick, grayish membrane.
When Should You See a Doctor?
If you suspect diphtheria, seek medical attention immediately, especially if vaccination status is uncertain or incomplete. Diphtheria is a medical emergency that requires urgent care to prevent complications.
Why Prompt Medical Attention Is Critical
- Diphtheria can lead to severe complications, such as airway obstruction, myocarditis (inflammation of the heart), or nerve damage, if not treated promptly.
- Timely administration of antitoxins and antibiotics is crucial to neutralize the toxin and stop the spread of the infection.
- Individuals with suspected diphtheria should be isolated to prevent spreading the disease to others.
Ensure that you or your child is up-to-date on vaccinations, as immunization is the most effective way to prevent diphtheria. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve outcomes and reduce the risk of severe complications.
