The concept of “paglilihi” (cravings during pregnancy), much like other Filipino cultural beliefs such as “pasma” and “usog,” is deeply rooted in tradition and lacks a direct equivalent in Western thought. According to this belief, pregnant women, especially during their first trimester, may develop strong cravings for certain foods or unusual items. These cravings might include rare fruits or unique dishes, such as twin bananas or soft-shelled crabs. In other cases, a pregnant woman might suddenly develop interests she previously ignored, such as waking up at dawn to eat specific meals.
This belief also extends to emotional and behavioral changes, as pregnant women are said to become moody, irritable, or quick-tempered. Moreover, if these cravings are not satisfied, it is believed that the unborn child could be affected. The concept even ties into the physical traits of newborns. For instance, if the baby is fair-skinned, people say the mother craved “singkamas” (jicama); if the baby has darker skin, the mother supposedly craved “duhat” (black plum). A baby with a lot of hair might have been “craved” from eating “balot” (fertilized duck egg).
Scientific Basis of “Paglilihi”
Is there any scientific basis for these beliefs? Does craving specific foods truly influence a child’s appearance? Currently, there is no substantial scientific evidence to support these claims. Studies have yet to establish a direct correlation between a mother’s cravings and the physical traits of her child. For example, there is no scientific proof linking fair-skinned babies to craving singkamas or dark-skinned babies to duhat.
However, some medical experts speculate that cravings might be influenced by hormonal changes during pregnancy. These shifts can affect taste preferences and emotional responses, though they do not provide enough evidence to connect cravings to the baby’s physical appearance.
Insights from Modern Studies
Recent research in the field of epigenetics suggests that certain environmental factors during pregnancy can affect a child’s development. Epigenetics explores how external factors, such as a mother’s stress levels or diet during pregnancy, might influence the child’s long-term health. For instance, chronic stress or exhaustion during pregnancy could increase the baby’s likelihood of developing conditions such as hypertension or diabetes later in life. While these findings highlight the significance of maternal well-being, they do not directly validate the traditional claims about “paglilihi.”
Moreover, the specific foods craved by a pregnant woman may reflect her nutritional needs, such as a deficiency in certain vitamins or minerals. For instance, a craving for citrus fruits could signal a need for vitamin C, while a desire for meat might indicate a protein deficiency.
Cultural and Anthropological Perspectives
From an anthropological standpoint, “paglilihi” may also reflect societal dynamics between spouses. In some Filipino households, a submissive wife might find her pregnancy a unique time when her husband becomes more accommodating and attentive. The belief in “paglilihi” might be culturally used as a way for women to assert their needs or desires during pregnancy. Over time, this dynamic has become part of the collective consciousness, blending cultural practices with familial relationships.
Conclusion
Despite its enduring popularity, the concept of “paglilihi” remains classified as a cultural belief rather than a scientifically proven phenomenon. Medical professionals generally view it as a traditional narrative without solid evidence to support its claims. Nevertheless, it reflects a rich cultural heritage and highlights the importance of maternal care during pregnancy—be it physical, emotional, or social. While science may not validate the link between cravings and a child’s physical traits, it emphasizes the significance of proper nutrition and emotional well-being for both the mother and her child.
