Uterine myomas, also known as fibroids, are benign tumors that grow in or around the uterus. Diagnosing myomas involves a combination of imaging tests and, in some cases, advanced diagnostic procedures to confirm their presence, location, and size. Early detection is essential for managing symptoms and preventing complications.
Common Tests for Diagnosing Uterine Myomas
- Ultrasound.
- Ultrasound is the most common and accessible method for detecting myomas. It uses sound waves to create images of the uterus and identify the size, location, and number of myomas.
- Two types of ultrasounds can be performed.
- Transvaginal Ultrasound. A probe is inserted into the vagina to provide a closer and clearer view of the uterus.
- Transabdominal Ultrasound. A probe is placed on the lower abdomen to scan the uterus from the outside, which is often used in combination with transvaginal ultrasound.
Additional Diagnostic Procedures for Complex Cases
- Hysterosonography (Sonohysterography).
- This is a specialized ultrasound where a saline solution is introduced into the uterine cavity. The liquid expands the uterus, allowing clearer imaging of the inner walls and better visualization of abnormalities such as myomas or polyps.
- Hysteroscopy.
- This procedure involves inserting a thin, telescope-like device through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. It allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity, enabling the doctor to confirm the presence of myomas and assess their impact on the uterine lining.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
- MRI provides highly detailed images of the uterus and is used in complex cases to evaluate the size, type, and exact location of myomas, especially when surgery is being considered.
- Pelvic Exam.
- In some cases, a pelvic examination may suggest the presence of large myomas if the uterus feels enlarged or irregular.
When to Seek Diagnosis
If you experience symptoms such as heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, frequent urination, or difficulty getting pregnant, consult a doctor immediately. While myomas are often asymptomatic, these symptoms could indicate the presence of fibroids or other gynecological conditions requiring treatment.
Ultrasound remains the first-line diagnostic tool for detecting uterine myomas due to its accessibility and accuracy. In more complex cases, additional tests such as hysterosonography, hysteroscopy, or MRI may be needed to provide a comprehensive evaluation. Early diagnosis enables effective management, whether through monitoring, medication, or surgical intervention, to prevent complications and improve quality of life.
