Hepatitis B is a serious viral infection that affects the liver, potentially leading to chronic liver disease or liver cancer if left untreated. While symptoms such as jaundice, fatigue, or abdominal discomfort can indicate the condition, only specific medical tests can confirm the presence of Hepatitis B.
Diagnostic Methods for Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis Profile. This blood test is the primary method for diagnosing Hepatitis B. It detects the presence of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and determines the type of infection—whether it is acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). The test can also differentiate Hepatitis B from other types of hepatitis, such as Hepatitis A.
- Liver Function Tests (LFT). These tests measure enzyme levels such as ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and Alkaline Phosphatase. Elevated levels indicate liver inflammation or damage caused by the virus.
- Bilirubin Testing. In some cases, especially in children, bilirubin levels in the blood may be checked. Elevated bilirubin is often responsible for the yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) associated with Hepatitis B.
- Liver Biopsy. If the extent of liver damage needs to be assessed, a liver biopsy may be performed. This involves extracting a small piece of liver tissue for microscopic examination to determine the severity of liver damage caused by the virus.
Why Early Diagnosis is Important
Hepatitis B can progress silently, causing significant liver damage without noticeable symptoms. Early detection is crucial for managing the disease effectively, preventing complications like cirrhosis or liver cancer, and stopping the spread of the virus to others.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience symptoms such as jaundice, fatigue, dark-colored urine, abdominal pain, or loss of appetite, consult a healthcare professional immediately. Even if you do not have symptoms but suspect exposure to Hepatitis B—for example, through contact with an infected person—it is essential to get tested.
Early and accurate diagnosis of Hepatitis B through blood tests and liver assessments can help in managing the infection effectively. Timely treatment and lifestyle adjustments can significantly reduce the risk of complications. Protect yourself further by getting vaccinated against Hepatitis B and practicing preventive measures, such as safe hygiene and avoiding risky behaviors.
