Blood sugar, or blood glucose, refers to the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Glucose is a type of sugar that serves as the body’s primary energy source, powering various functions and organs. While glucose is essential, elevated levels in the blood (a condition known as hyperglycemia) can be harmful. Persistent high blood sugar can damage organs, nerves, and blood vessels, leading to diabetes and its complications.
How Is Blood Sugar Measured?
Blood sugar levels are commonly assessed as part of a “blood chemistry” test. One specific test to evaluate blood sugar is the fasting blood sugar (FBS) test. This test requires the patient to fast for at least 12 hours, consuming only water during that period. This fasting period ensures accurate results, as eating or drinking anything other than water can naturally elevate blood sugar levels, leading to misleading outcomes.
During the test, 2-5 mL of blood is typically drawn from a vein in the arm near the elbow. The results are often available within a few hours.
What Are Normal Fasting Blood Sugar Levels?
The following ranges are used to interpret fasting blood sugar results:
- Normal Range: 3.9–5.5 mmol/L (70.2–100 mg/dL).
- Blood sugar levels within this range are considered healthy and indicate normal glucose metabolism.
- Borderline High (Pre-Diabetes): 5.5–7 mmol/L (101–125 mg/dL).
- Although this range does not indicate diabetes, it signals a heightened risk of developing the condition. At this stage, doctors may recommend lifestyle changes, such as avoiding high-glycemic foods, to prevent further complications.
- Diabetes Diagnosis: Above 7 mmol/L (126 mg/dL).
- A result exceeding this level often suggests diabetes, but doctors will consider additional tests and clinical findings before confirming the diagnosis.
How Can High Blood Sugar Be Prevented or Managed?
Managing blood sugar levels is critical to reducing the risk of complications associated with hyperglycemia. Below are effective strategies for controlling blood sugar:
- Avoid Sugary Foods. Limit the intake of sweets, desserts, and sugary drinks, which can spike blood sugar levels.
- Avoid High-Glycemic Foods. Foods with a high glycemic index, such as white rice, white bread, and processed snacks, cause rapid blood sugar increases. Opt for whole grains and fiber-rich alternatives.
- Practice Portion Control. Eating smaller, more frequent meals helps prevent sudden spikes in blood sugar.
- Include Bitter Melon (Ampalaya). Bitter melon is known for its natural blood sugar-lowering properties and can be incorporated into meals.
- Exercise Regularly. Physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and helps lower blood sugar levels.
- Take Prescribed Medications. Adherence to medications prescribed by your doctor is essential for managing blood sugar effectively.
Understanding blood sugar levels and their impact on health is crucial for preventing and managing diabetes. Regular monitoring, a healthy diet, consistent exercise, and following medical advice can help maintain optimal blood sugar levels and prevent complications. If you have concerns about your blood sugar levels, consult a healthcare professional for appropriate guidance and treatment.
