Albinism, known in Filipino as pagiging anak-araw, is a genetic condition that affects the body’s ability to produce melanin. Melanin is the pigment responsible for providing color to the skin, hair, and eyes, and it also acts as a natural shield against the harmful effects of the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. Due to the lack of melanin, individuals with albinism often have very pale skin, light-colored (yellowish or white) hair, and heightened sensitivity to sunlight. This condition increases their risk of developing skin cancer.
What Causes Albinism?
Albinism is caused by a genetic mutation that interferes with melanin production in cells called melanocytes, which are found in the skin and eyes. For a child to be born with albinism, they must inherit a pair of mutated genes—one from each parent. If both parents carry the gene, the condition can manifest in their child.
Who Can Experience This Condition?
Albinism occurs only in individuals who inherit the mutated gene from both parents. This means that the condition typically appears in families with a history of albinism. It is important to note that:
- Albinism is not contagious. It is purely genetic and cannot be acquired through contact with someone who has the condition.
- It affects individuals regardless of gender or ethnicity, though its visibility may vary depending on natural skin tones.
What Are the Complications of Albinism?
The complications associated with albinism are primarily linked to the skin and emotional well-being. These include:
- Skin Problems. Individuals with albinism are prone to sunburn and have a significantly higher risk of developing skin cancer due to the absence of melanin, which provides UV protection.
- Vision Issues. Many people with albinism experience vision problems, such as poor eyesight, light sensitivity (photophobia), and involuntary eye movements (nystagmus).
- Emotional and Social Challenges. Due to their distinct physical appearance, individuals with albinism may face social stigma and emotional challenges. Bullying and teasing, especially in schools, can affect their self-esteem and mental health.
Albinism is a rare genetic condition that affects melanin production, leading to pale skin, light hair, and sensitivity to sunlight. While it is not contagious and poses no immediate health risks, individuals with albinism require protection from the sun to avoid skin complications. Emotional and social support is also crucial to help them cope with societal challenges. Raising awareness and promoting understanding of albinism can help foster acceptance and inclusion for those affected by this condition.
